Nhazi profaịlụ aluminum
Nhazi aluminum, iji plastic nhazi ụzọ hazie aluminum ingots n'ime ihe, tumadi gụnyere ịtụgharị, extrusion, ịgbatị, na ịgha ụgha. A malitere imepụta nhazi nke aluminom na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, na tupu 1930s, A na-eji ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ọla kọpa mee ihe n'ụzọ bụ isi, nwere ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ụgbọ elu. Mgbe 1960 gachara, mmepụta aluminum mepụtara ngwa ngwa, na-eto eto kwa afọ nke ihe dịka 4-8%. A na-eji ngwaahịa ndị a eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ dịka ụgbọ elu, ihe owuwu, njem njem, eletriki, kemịkalụ, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na ihe ndị dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị. Ihe mmepụta ahụ bụ nke abụọ na ígwè na ọkwa nke abụọ na ihe igwe. N'etiti afọ 1950, China wuru nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta aluminum, na-eme usoro mmepụta ihe. Emeela usoro ngwaahịa ndị a, na asaa alloy usoro dị, nwere ike imepụta ụdị ngwaahịa asatọ gụnyere efere, ibe, foils, ọkpọkọ, mmanya, profaịlụ, waya, na forgings (free forgings, anwụ forgings).
Aha Chinese: Nhazi aluminom
Ụzọ ndị bụ isi gụnyere ịtụgharị, extrusion, ịgbatị, na ịgha ụgha
Ebumnuche: Iji hazie ingots aluminum n'ime ihe site na iji ụzọ nhazi plastik
A na-ejikarị ngwaahịa a maka imepụta ụgbọ elu
katalọgụ
1 Mmepe
2 Okwu mmalite
3 Na-agbaze na nkedo
▪ na-esi ísì
▪ ihe nkedo
- Mmepụta nke foil ihe
5 mmepụta waya
6 Ịmepụta mmepụta
7 Mmepụta ndị ọzọ
8 Usoro ndị metụtara ya
ịzụlite
mgbasa ozi
dezie
Site na nnukwu echiche nke uto akụ na ụba, echiche meso nke evolushọn ụlọ ọrụ, na omume micro nke mmepe ụlọ ọrụ, anyị achọpụtala na usoro a na-eme ugbu a nke ụlọ ọrụ aluminom na-esi na aluminom electrolytic bụ isi na-agbaze na nhazi miri emi ga-abụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere.. Aluminom nhazi ngwaahịa na-n'ozuzu ọnụ n'ụdị “ọnụ ahịa aluminom+ ego nhazi”. Mgbe enwere mmụba ngwa ngwa n'ọchịchọ ala na mmụba nhazi, ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere uru teknụzụ, uru ọwa, uru bara uru, na uru ebe nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị hụ na ọnụego nhazi ha, mana nwekwara ike ịbawanye ha. Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na ihe mgbasawanye ikike, uto nke arụmọrụ ga-adị ngwa ngwa ma dị ịrịba ama.
N'afọ adịbeghị anya, Ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom nke China na-eto ngwa ngwa ma na-etolite n'ụzọ zuru ezu ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ asọmpi siri ike. Dị ka nke ọgwụgwụ nke 2010, ha dị 824 ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom karịrị ahaziri nha na China. Mgbe mmepe ngwa ngwa na asọmpi ahịa dị egwu, ụkpụrụ nke isi ewerela ọdịdị. Ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta foil aluminum na China, na ala ụlọ ọrụ ịta. Ọ nweghị ụlọ ọrụ nwere oke ahịa ahịa, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị mkpa na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dum. N'ime 2010, mba aluminum foil mmepụta bụ banyere 2 nde tọn, na ihe karịrị 250 ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke aluminom, na nkezi mmepụta nke ihe 8000 tọn. Nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ntakịrị, ma enwere ọtụtụ obere ụlọ ọrụ, na-ebute oke asọmpi na mpaghara ngwaahịa agbakwunyere dị ala.
Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ọnụ ụzọ na windo ígwè nke China, mgbidi ákwà mgbochi ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ njem, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa ike, mba nchekwa na agha ụlọ ọrụ, ọchịchọ maka profaịlụ aluminom ga-anọgide na-eto eto. N'otu oge ahụ, ọhụrụ ngwaahịa, usoro ọhụrụ, na ojiji ọhụrụ nke profaịlụ aluminom ga-anọgide na-apụta, na-akwalite ọganihu nkà na ụzụ na mmepe ahụike nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Site na 2011 ka 2015, ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom ka ga-egosi usoro mmepe dị mma.
Site na uto ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom nke China, ego ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom ga-abawanye kwa afọ n'afọ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ data, si 2005 ka 2010, Ọnụego mmụba kwa afọ nke ahịa ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom nke China bụ 35.20%. Dabere na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke ụlọ na nke mba dị ugbu a, jikọtara ya na ego ha nwetara ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom nke China si 2005 ka 2010 na data uto akụ na ụba China, a na-eme atụmatụ na mkpokọta uto kwa afọ nke ego ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom nke China sitere na 2011 ka 2015 bụ 20%. N'ime 2015, ego ịre ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ profaịlụ aluminom nke China ga-eru 1.0498 trillion yuan. Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbada nke aluminom foil, Ọchịchọ ya maka foil aluminum ga-anọgide na-abawanye. Site na 2012, oriri nke aluminom foil ga-eru 1.8 nde tọn, na site 2013 ọ ga-eru 2.1 nde tọn, na a compound kwa afọ ibu ọnụego nke 17% si 2011 ka 2013.
okwu mmeghe nkenke
mgbasa ozi
dezie
Nhazi plastik nke aluminom na aluminom alloys kwesịrị ijide n'aka na ngwaahịa ahụ nwetara nkwụsi ike, ziri ezi akụkụ achọrọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'ibu Njirimara, na mma elu ala. E kwesịkwara ịṅa ntị na igbochi mmebi n'ibu na corrosion, na-achịkwa nha ọka na microstructure. A na-echekwa ihe ndị a chọrọ ka mma site na usoro mmepụta na akụrụngwa. Aluminom na alloys ya n'ozuzu nwere ezigbo plasticity ma dị mfe usoro plastik. Usoro nhazi nke aluminom siri ike dị mgbagwoju anya, nwere ihe owuwu na-emebi emebi dị ka oge mgbaze dị ala na ogige intermetallic. Nhazi plastik ya nwere njirimara ụfọdụ, dị ka ọgwụgwọ homogenization iji kpochapụ nchekasị dị n'ime na nkewa intragranular nke a na-emepụta n'oge ingot jụrụ.; Ekwesịrị ịkwanye elu nke ingot iji wepụ oke elu nke usoro mgbaze dị ala kpatara. Ụfọdụ alloys aluminom dịkwa mkpa ka ejiri aluminom kpuchie ya iji meziwanye nguzogide corrosion na nhazi ha. Aluminom alloy nwere oke ekpo oke ọkụ na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ ga-achịkwa nke ọma.
Nkedo agbaze
mgbasa ozi
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agbaze
Ọ na-enye ingots maka nhazi plastik. Igwe ọkụ na-agbaze na-ejikarị ọkụ gas ma ọ bụ mmanụ na-egosipụta ọkụ, na a n'ozuzu ike nke 20-40 tọn ma ọ bụ karịa; A na-ejikwa ọkụ ọkụ reflex kpo oku na-eguzogide, na ike nke n'ozuzu gburugburu 10 tọn. Ka iwelata oge ibu ọkụ ọkụ, melite agbaze arụmọrụ, belata nnabata gas na ntinye ihe nkiri oxide, Ọkụ okirikiri tilting top loading ka a nakweere na ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ kachasị mma iji ngwa nyocha ngwa ngwa iji nyochaa ihe mejupụtara alloy n'oge agbaze ma dozie ya n'oge. Iji hụ na ịdị ọcha nke agbaze, gbochie mmetọ gas na-emerụ ahụ, na ịchịkwa chemical mejupụtara, na mgbakwunye na ibelata oge ịgbaze dị ka o kwere mee, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ikpuchi ya na flux powdered tumadi nke potassium chloride na sodium chloride mejupụtara., na a izugbe onunu ogwu nke 0.4-2% nke arọ nke ọkụ ọkụ. A na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na-agbaze n'etiti 700-750 ℃.
Mgbe agbazechara, Ọ dị mkpa ka a nụchaa na nzacha ígwè ahụ iji wepụ ikuku ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka hydrogen na ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla., iji meziwanye ịdị ọcha nke ígwè. Nnụcha na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-edozi ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ ihe na-edozi gas. chloride na-achịkarị ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe na-esicha ihe siri ike, na ihe nnụcha na-eji hexachloroethane kama chlorides na-ejikwa. N'oge mbụ, A na-eji gas chlorine nwere ọrụ siri ike mee ihe dị ka ihe na-edozi gas. Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta dị ọcha dị mma, o butere ajọ mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, nitrogen chlorine agwakọta gas, gas inert, na gas atọ (N2, Cl2, CO) E mepụtara ihe na-eme ka ihe na-edozi ihe na-arụpụta ihe dị mma. Iji hụ na nnụcha mmetụta, ikuku oxygen na mmiri dị n'ime ikuku nnụcha kwesịrị ịdịkarịa ala karịa 0.03% site olu na 0.3 gram kwa cubic mita, n'otu n'otu. The ike agụụ degassing usoro nwekwara ezi degassing na sodium mwepụ mmetụta.
Nzacha bụ usoro ịfefe ọla wụrụ awụ site na nzacha emere ihe na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ iji wepụ adịghị ọcha kwụsịtụrụ na agbaze.. Ntupu waya iko, microporous seramiiki tubes na efere, na alumina na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka akwa nzacha maka nzacha. A nwekwara ike iji ncha ọkụ eletrik na nchacha oyi akwa.
nkedo
Nkedo n'ozuzu na-anabata usoro nkedo vetikal ma ọ bụ kehoraizin nke jụrụ oyi ọkara na-aga n'ihu. Iji meziwanye microstructure na ogo elu nke ingots nkedo kwụ ọtọ, electromagnetic crystallization uzo, obere crystallization uzo, na usoro nkedo n'elu na-ekpo ọkụ ka emebekwara (lee igwe siri ike). Usoro nkedo nke ọkara na-ajụ oyi bụ iwebata igwe mmiri n'ime kristal jụrụ oyi site na ọwa eruba., na-ekwe ka ígwè mmiri mmiri dị jụụ ma mee ka shei siri ike. A na-ewepụzi ingot na crystallizer site na ala igwe nkedo ma ọ bụ wedata ya n'otu n'otu site n'ịdị arọ nke ya iji mepụta billet.. Usoro usoro dịgasị iche iche nke ukwuu n'ihi ọdịiche dị na ihe mejupụtara alloy na nha ingot. N'ozuzu, ekwesịrị ịbawanye ọsọ nkedo na ọsọ jụrụ oyi dịka o kwere mee, na ịdị elu nke tankị crystallization kwesịrị ibelata. Okpomọkụ nkedo na-abụkarị 50-110 ℃ dị elu karịa ahịrị liquidus nke alloy. Na mgbakwunye, A na-emepụtakwa usoro nkedo na ntugharị na-aga n'ihu nke aluminom warara.
Mmepụta efere na warara na-anabata mpịakọta mpịakọta dị larịị, na isi usoro gụnyere ọkụ mpịakọta, oyi na-atụgharị, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, na imecha. Maka aluminom alloys siri ike dị ka LY12 na LC4 nwere ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ siri ike, ọgwụgwọ homogenization kwesịrị rụrụ tupu na-ekpo ọkụ mpịakọta. Okpomọkụ nhazi bụ n'ozuzu 10-15 ℃ dị ala karịa okpomọkụ eutectic nke oge mgbaze dị ala na alloy, na oge mkpuchi bụ 12-24 awa. A na-enweta ihe mkpuchi aluminom nke aluminom siri ike site n'itinye efere aluminom n'akụkụ abụọ nke ingot milled na iji ịgbado ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ.. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi aluminum bụ n'ozuzu 4% nke ọkpụrụkpụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ. A na-emekarị mpịakọta na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu okpomọkụ recrystallization. Enwere ike ịmegharị igwe na-ekpo ọkụ n'otu igwe igwe na-atụgharị na-atụgharị ma ọ bụ n'ọtụtụ ihe nkwụnye maka ịtụgharị na-aga n'ihu. Iji kwalite mmepụta na mmepụta arụmọrụ nke nnukwu ingot mpịakọta, ingots na-atụ 10-15 ton ma ọ bụ karịa kwesịrị ịzụlite. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-erughị kwa afọ 100000 tọn n'ozuzu na-eji mpịakọta anọ na-atụgharị ọkụ na-atụgharị ma na-enweta teknụzụ ntụgharị ọkụ, na warara na-ekpo ọkụ akpọrepu ọkpụrụkpụ ọkpụrụkpụ banyere 6-8 millimeters. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere ikike mmepụta ihe karịrị 100000 tọn na-ejikarị otu nkwụnye, abụọ guzoro, atọ guzoro, ma ọ bụ ise guzoro na-aga n'ihu na-akpụgharị mgbe emepechara igwe igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-atụgharị akwụkwọ mpịakọta anọ, ma na-eme mkpụgharị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke warara nwere ike iru 2.5-3.5 millimeters. A na-eji warara na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ mee ihe dị ka billet nke oyi na-atụ mgbe a na-ejikọta ya. Iji hụ na plasticity kacha mma nke metal, Ekwesịrị ịmegharị mpịakọta na-ekpo ọkụ na steeti microstructure nke otu akụkụ. Okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka LY11, LY12 na ndị ọzọ alloys bụ 400-455 ℃. Ọnụego nrụrụ nke ngafe ole na ole mbụ na-adịkarị n'ime 10%, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye ma emesịa. Ọnụego nrụrụ nke aluminum dị ọcha na aluminom alloys dị nro nwere ike iru 50%, ebe nke aluminom alloys siri ike dị gburugburu 40%. Ngụkọta nrụrụ nke ntụgharị ọkụ nwere ike iru karịa 90%.
A na-emekarị mpịakọta oyi na ụlọ okpomọkụ, na mkpa Ibé akwụkwọ na ibe nwere kpọmkwem akụkụ, Enwere ike nweta ebe dị larịị ma dị larịị site na ntụgharị oyi, nakwa dị ka ọrụ obi tara mmiri Ibé akwụkwọ na ibe na kpọmkwem n'ibu Njirimara. Ntugharị oyi na-agbaso usoro mmepụta nke warara, na-eji igwe ihe igwe na-atụgharị mpịakọta anọ ma ọ bụ mpịakọta anọ na-enweghị ike ịtụgharị maka ntụgharị oyi. Ugbu a, A na-emepụta igwe igwe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha maka ịtụgharị oyi. Ejiri igwe igwe na-akpụgharị ihe nwere ịpị hydraulic, hydraulic ekwe mpịakọta, sistemu njikwa ọkpụrụkpụ akpaka ma ọ bụ sistemu njikwa oke akpaka maka ịlele oghere mpịakọta, na ngwá ọrụ nchịkwa nke efere efere. A na-achịkwa ya, edekọtara, ma chekwaa ya site na microcomputer iji nweta efere na warara nwere akụkụ ziri ezi na ụdị efere dị larịị. Ọmụmaatụ, ndidi nke 0.18mm warara nwere ike iru ± 5 microns. Obere ụlọ ọrụ na-ejikwa ụzọ ngọngọ mepụta metal mpempe akwụkwọ. Ọnụego nrụrụ oyi nke aluminom mgbe annealing nwere ike iru 90%. Multiphase siri ike aluminum alloy nwere doro anya na-arụ ọrụ oyi na-agbasi ike ma na-achọ mgbakasị etiti. Ọnụego nrụrụ oyi mgbe annealing etiti gasịrị bụ 60-70%. Mfegharị na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji mmanu ude mmiri, na ntụgharị oyi amalitela site na ude mmiri ruo mmanu mmanu zuru oke. Ịnabata sistemu jụrụ oyi nke nwere ọtụtụ nozzles na-achịkwa iji belata esemokwu n'etiti efere aluminom na rollers., rollers dị mma, njikwa ihe profaịlụ, kpochapụ ntụ ntụ aluminom na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ iji nweta ọdịdị elu dị mma na ọdịdị efere.
Mgbe oyi na-atụgharị na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, A na-anụcha eriri ahụ na igwe na-agbazigharị mpịakọta ma ọ bụ n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-agbazigharị na-aga n'ihu. Ekwesịrị ịhazi efere ahụ agbanyụghị ọkụ n'ime oge ịka nká, na-agwụchakarị n'ime 30-40 nkeji oge ka emenyụchara. Ngụkọta nrụrụ nke efere agbanyụla n'oge calending dị larịị ekwesịghị gafere 2%.
Ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na ntụgharị nke efere aluminom na ibe n'ime 1955 nwere ike imepụta efere dị mkpa na oghere aluminom. China malitere iji usoro a mepụta efere ndị dị mkpa na mbido 1970s.
Mmepụta nke foil ihe
mgbasa ozi
dezie
Aluminom foil nwere ike kewaa n'ime ulo oru foil aluminum na nkwakọ ngwaahịa aluminum foil. Industrial aluminum foil nwere dịtụ ọcha chemical mejupụtara na a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0.005-0.2 millimeters. A na-ejikarị ya dị ka capacitor, ihe mkpuchi, ihe na-egbochi mmiri, wdg. n'ime ụlọ ọrụ eletriki na eletriki. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa aluminum foil bụ n'ozuzu 0.007-0.1 millimeters, na enwere ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị ka foil dị larịị, foil e biri ebi, foil ebipụta acha, na aluminom foil laminated. A na-ejikarị ya dị ka ihe nkwakọba ihe maka nri, tii, akwụkwọ sịga, wdg. Opekempe ọkpụrụkpụ nke foil aluminum mepụtara site na usoro mmepụta warara nwere ike iru 0.0025 millimeters, na obosara nwere ike iru 1800 millimeters. Aluminom foil rolling na-atụgharị na-enweghị nkebi, na ndị na-akpụ akpụ na-adị mgbe niile na ọnọdụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. N'oge mpịakọta, A na-achịkwa ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe foil site n'ịgbanwe ike ntụgharị, mpịakọta ọsọ, na ịchịkwa esemokwu. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, A na-eji ike mpịakọta na-achịkwa oke nke ihe foil; N'oge mpịakọta nkenke, ọkpụrụkpụ nke foil ihe na-ebelata na mmụba nke mpịakọta ọsọ; Ka esemokwu ahụ ka ukwuu, nke nta ka ọkpụrụkpụ; Iji gbochie mgbaji, a na-ahọrọkarị esemokwu dị ka 0.2-0.4 nke ike mkpụrụ nke ọnọdụ σ 0.2 nke foil ihe. N'oge mpịakọta ọsọ-ọsọ, “oké mmanụ” ma ọ bụ “mmanụ dị mkpa” a na-agbakwụnyekarị na mmanụ na-agba mmanụ iji dozie ọkpụkpụ na-atụgharị nke foil aluminum. Ihe mmanu mmanu na ọnọdụ igwe igwe na-akpụ akpụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịdị mma nke ihe foil. Ihe oghere aluminom na-abịa site na igwe mkpuchi aluminom oyi na-atụgharị, nke na-adịkarị tupu annealed na 340-480 ℃ na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0.4-0.7 millimeters. Ọnụego nrụrụ n'oge a na-atụgharị bụ ihe dịka 50%, na mkpokọta nrụrụ nwere ike iru karịa 95%. Ngwa foil nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke erughị ala 0.01-0.02 milimita kwesịrị ikpokọta ọnụ na okpukpu abụọ.
mmepụta mkpanaka waya
mgbasa ozi
dezie
Emepụtara nke ọma site na iji teknụzụ ịgbatị. Ngwaahịa a gụnyere waya rivet, mkpanaka ịgbado ọkụ, na waya. A na-emepụta billet ahụ site na extrusion, na-atụgharị, ma ọ bụ usoro nkedo na ntugharị na-aga n'ihu. Usoro mpikota onu na-emepụta billet nwere mgbanwe dị elu yana ezigbo ngwaahịa. Usoro ịgbagharị na nkedo na-aga n'ihu na usoro mpịakọta dabara adaba maka mmepụta nke billet nke otu ụdị alloy dị iche iche, na elu mmepụta arụmọrụ.
Ịmepụta mmepụta
mgbasa ozi
dezie
A na-ejikarị eme ụgbọ elu na igwe. A na-ekewa akụkụ ndị a kpara akpa n'ime ihe ndị a na-emepụta n'efu na-anwụ anwụ akụkụ, na oghere ha ka a na-awụpụ ma na-apụ apụ oghere. Igwe nrụnye hydraulic kacha arụ ọrụ bụ 70000 tọn, na ebe atumatu atumatu nke kacha forging size bụ 4.5 square mita. Ọnụego nrụrụ dị egwu nke aluminom alloy bụ ihe 5-15%. Iji zere guzobe nke keadighi rarii grains, nrụrụ ọnụego nke forging kwesịrị n'ozuzu ibu karịa 15%. Iji belata nrụrụ na-enweghị isi, A na-ejikarị ugha n'efu na-eme ọtụtụ ntụziaka.
Mmepụta ndị ọzọ
mgbasa ozi
dezie
02:15
Usoro extrusion metal na-enweghị atụ, Aluminom mpempe akwụkwọ nha nke mkpụrụ ego gbatịpụrụ n'ime a 20 centimita elu karama aluminum
Usoro mmepụta nke mbụ maka ọkpọkọ, mmanya, na profaịlụ bụ ibu ụzọ jiri ọkụ extrusion mee billet, wee tụgharịa (ma ọ bụ gbatịa), imecha, na okpomọkụ na-emeso ha ka ha na-emecha ngwaahịa. Enwere ike imepụta ya ozugbo n'ime ngwaahịa emechara site na usoro extrusion ọkụ, nke ugbu a tolitere site na mkpụmkpụ ingot ruo ogologo ingot extrusion. Dị ka nrụgide extrusion nke extruder si dị, a na-eji ingot edo edo mee ihe, na profaịlụ dị iche iche na ọkpọkọ na-apụ apụ site na nchikota nkewa na-anwụ anwụ na ire anwụ. Ogologo ngwaahịa nwere ike iru karịa 60 mita, na mgbe ịgbatị na ịgbatị, a na-egbutu ya n'ogologo achọrọ. Nke kacha extruder eji maka aluminum mmepụta bụ 20000 tọn. Nwere ike extruded n'ime ribbed tubes na dayameta nke 800 millimeters. Profaịlụ ihe owuwu bụ ngwaahịa ewepụtara na 1960s, aza ajụjụ maka ihe karịrị 35% nke mkpokọta extruded ngwaahịa, nke 80% a na-eji ọnụ ụzọ na windo. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ profaịlụ ụlọ niile bụ nke aluminom magnesium silicon alloys (LD30 na LD31). Ngwaahịa a na-enweta ọgwụgwọ anodizing na agba agba, na-akpụ ihe nkiri oxide agba dị iche iche n'elu, na ezigbo nguzogide corrosion, na-eme ka ọnụ ụzọ na windo mara mma, inogide, na akara nke ọma. Na mgbakwunye na extrusion ọkụ, ụzọ dị ka oyi extrusion, isothermal extrusion, fọdụrụ free extrusion, na static mmiri extrusion emeputakwa (hụ aluminum oxidation agba).
Aluminom na aluminom alloys bụ extruded na-eji n'ihu na azụ extrusion ụzọ. Ekwesịrị ịhọrọ ọsọ extrusion kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na alloys dị iche iche. Iji nweta aluminom alloy extruded ngwaahịa na ezigbo nhazi na arụmọrụ, ọnụọgụ extrusion (l) nke profaịlụ na mmanya dị ukwuu karịa 8-12 n'oge otu extrusion usoro, na λ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ndị a na-eji akpụ akpụ ka ukwuu 5. The extrusion anwụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na àgwà nke extruded ngwaahịa. A na-ejikarị ihe ndị dị larịị eme ihe maka ikpochapụ mmanya na profaịlụ, ebe conical ebu na-ejikarị maka ọkpọkọ. Profaịlụ oghere na ọkpọkọ nwere ụdị dị mgbagwoju anya ka a na-ekpochapụ ebe niile site na iji ihe nchikota splitter na ebu nwere ụdị ire.. Ụfọdụ na-eji mmiri mmiri nitrogen jụrụ extrusion ebu iji gbasaa ndụ ebu ma hụ na ngwaahịa ziri ezi. Otu ebu nwere ike extrude 30 tọn aluminom ihe onwunwe. Ụfọdụ extruded ngwaahịa nke aluminum alloys na-adịkarị mfe “mgbanaka ọka na-enweghị isi”, nke pụtara na mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị, oyi akwa nke oke ọka na-apụta gburugburu ngwaahịa ahụ. Ọkụ ọkụ dị elu nwere ike ibelata ihe omume a. Mgbe ngwọta siri ike ịka nká ọgwụgwọ, ụfọdụ aluminom alloy extruded ngwaahịa nke nwere ike wusie ike site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ amụbawo ike ma belata plasticity.
Mgbatị ọkpọkọ na-anabata ọtụtụ ụzọ ịgbatị ngwa ngwa na drum. Dayameta nke igwe na-akpụ akpụ isi isi eriri igwe na-agbatị igwe nwere ike iru 630-2900 millimeters, na dayameta nke ọkpọkọ agbatị oghere nwere ike iru 40-50 millimeters. Ike ndọtị nke ọkpọkọ bụ 16-18 tọn, na-agbatị ọsọ bụ 24 mita kwa nkeji, na nhazi ọnụego bụ n'ozuzu 25-40%. Usoro a nwere ike ịmepụta ogologo ọkpọkọ ruo 6000 mita.
usoro mmekọrịta
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A na-akpọ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ ikpeazụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ pụta ìhè, gụnyere emechara ngwaahịa annealing, ngwọta ọgwụgwọ, na-emenyụ, eke ịka nká, na ọgwụgwọ ịka nká; Na mgbakwunye, graded ịka nká na nrụrụ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ka emepụtara. Ọgwụgwọ oge ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nke ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwuo mma, ma na-akwalitekwa nrụgide corrosion nguzogide na mgbaji siri ike. A ga-achịkwa oge mbufe site na kpo oku ngwọta gaa na nkwụsịtụ n'ime ya 30 sekọnd. Ọnụego jụrụ oyi nke quenching kwesịrị hụ na enwetara ihe ngwọta siri ike na-enweghị atụ na-eme ka ọ ghara ime ka nrụgide kwụsịlata na ịgbagọ deformation na ngwaahịa ahụ.. A na-eme mpịakọta na mpempe akwụkwọ n'ime ọkụ ụdị igbe, nke ọma ụdị ọkụ, vetikal mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè na-aga n'ihu annealing ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ihe nkuku ikuku na-aga n'ihu na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ nwere ikuku ikuku siri ike na-ekesa
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